tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15874886907979112982024-03-20T21:37:57.790-07:00Mindblowing Planet EarthCPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.comBlogger1349125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-9268388009736614182024-01-26T23:15:00.000-08:002024-01-26T23:15:55.187-08:002,000 years ago, the first vending machine was created<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background: #F8F8F8; color: #33333f; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 107%;">If into certain sacrificial vessels a coin of five drachms
be thrown, and water shall flow out and surround them. Let be a sacrificial
vessel or treasure chest, having an opening in its mouth, A; and in the chest
let there be a vessel, F G H K, containing water, and a small box, L, from
which a pipe, LM, conducts out of the chest. Near the vessel place a vertical
rod, N x, about which turns a lever, o P, widening at o into the plate R
parallel to the bottom of the vessel, while at the extremity r is suspended a
lid, s, which fits into the box L, so that no water can flow through the tube
LM: this lid, however, must be heavier than the plate R, but lighter than the
plate and coin combined. When the coin is thrown through the mouth A, it will
fall upon plate R and, preponderating, it will turn the beam on P, and raise
the lid of the box so that the water will flow: but if the coin falls off, the
lid will descend and close the box so that the discharge ceases.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJQyEtNJnHNtL5x2vihxCkoRglnHi2SnRgNnEGdm264SAXvWzL0JMFVYKdkheQqIvgdmQsBYqET9JQ2kRSIl6WCCFaMWdKeH1GRS-LhWFZnr6p2g-3C9OGirBjMwh9hpB5Lqg11L0gDkpeqBONI1SY4P2o2jZ8Xut_cz8AcQXbLo3rFYwWeFCR32oJGwI/s1341/The%20First%20Vending%20Machine%20Was%20Made%202,000%20Years%20Ago.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The First Vending Machine Was Made 2,000 Years Ago" border="0" data-original-height="1341" data-original-width="938" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJQyEtNJnHNtL5x2vihxCkoRglnHi2SnRgNnEGdm264SAXvWzL0JMFVYKdkheQqIvgdmQsBYqET9JQ2kRSIl6WCCFaMWdKeH1GRS-LhWFZnr6p2g-3C9OGirBjMwh9hpB5Lqg11L0gDkpeqBONI1SY4P2o2jZ8Xut_cz8AcQXbLo3rFYwWeFCR32oJGwI/w448-h640/The%20First%20Vending%20Machine%20Was%20Made%202,000%20Years%20Ago.jpg" title="The First Vending Machine Was Made 2,000 Years Ago" width="448" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-41934378206253826342024-01-22T21:00:00.000-08:002024-01-22T21:00:00.312-08:00Remarkable discovery in Spain<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This ancient megalithic monument, estimated to be over 7,000 years old, was recently discovered in Spain. The discovery was made possible by a drought that revealed the previously buried structure. The fact that the site is about 2,000 years older than famous landmarks like Stonehenge and the Pyramids of Egypt adds to the intrigue of this discovery, which sheds light on the region's early civilizations and their sophisticated architectural accomplishments during a relatively unknown period of human history.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNjzMRfdXukIBaGak8SfJs9SlZYzsZ5xz2k62YhzrWG5DVOn0S7An2Moz_fMTJvM96i0FZDliJe8Qg3i-BRNXV0xBZOyRwOsDBN82evCvz4MKbfAXPeGqyB3-gjJucBKv1kmpaNAolF0ArIuLoyE3CkbdvxIAbJUtfFcmf5GOlomgvA8XSPC2ueiAYfYo/s960/GEc4FWpaoAADq6d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="960" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNjzMRfdXukIBaGak8SfJs9SlZYzsZ5xz2k62YhzrWG5DVOn0S7An2Moz_fMTJvM96i0FZDliJe8Qg3i-BRNXV0xBZOyRwOsDBN82evCvz4MKbfAXPeGqyB3-gjJucBKv1kmpaNAolF0ArIuLoyE3CkbdvxIAbJUtfFcmf5GOlomgvA8XSPC2ueiAYfYo/w640-h384/GEc4FWpaoAADq6d.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /> <br /></span><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-63857818881476271402024-01-15T21:51:00.000-08:002024-01-15T21:51:22.563-08:00Cribraria argillacea<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cribraria argillacea is a slime mold that resembles tiny brains on a stalk. It is one of 30 different species of Cribraria found worldwide. These slime molds are nature's clean-up crew, breaking down old wood and leaves in the forest to keep the environment healthy. Despite not having a brain, they exhibit some interesting behaviors such as moving slowly and finding their way through mazes. Cribraria, which produce spores, have a short stalk and a protective layer resembling vertical, thickened threads connected by fine, see-through threads. They are not only visually appealing but also play an important role in nutrient recycling in the forest. Some species of Cribraria can be difficult to distinguish.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlILdQpJQ2MAUcWv-ItqC_MhyphenhyphentCaBASccRVnsXLqX-wmP0RhfpmaDb1_7XH78SocS_ao7uIVjPZG9Y6GXFRV-hVhUcKg6DPXd2SiIvn_ZUwnHIy1mEQoR3x2gKZEkecgBdhGzLWS-c5cqKcIVtdqkm0gz-rIWnR-6EMh3xC8Tn8zTpWRjesn8qLGh0_mU/s1438/Screenshot_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Cribraria argillacea is a slime mold that resembles tiny brains on a stalk." border="0" data-original-height="1438" data-original-width="1214" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlILdQpJQ2MAUcWv-ItqC_MhyphenhyphentCaBASccRVnsXLqX-wmP0RhfpmaDb1_7XH78SocS_ao7uIVjPZG9Y6GXFRV-hVhUcKg6DPXd2SiIvn_ZUwnHIy1mEQoR3x2gKZEkecgBdhGzLWS-c5cqKcIVtdqkm0gz-rIWnR-6EMh3xC8Tn8zTpWRjesn8qLGh0_mU/w338-h400/Screenshot_4.jpg" title="Cribraria argillacea is a slime mold that resembles tiny brains on a stalk." width="338" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><br /><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-7263678635752062572024-01-05T01:36:00.000-08:002024-01-05T01:36:14.187-08:00Existence of red sprites<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The existence of red sprites, above certain thunderstorms is a
little-known phenomenon that is primarily known to meteorologists,
nature photographers, and other sky researchers. Although they are not
particularly rare, they are ephemeral and difficult to photograph.
Lightning sprites, also known as red sprites, are electrical discharges
high in Earth's atmosphere that are associated with thunderstorms but
are not born in the same clouds that send us rain. Thunderstorms, as
well as all earthly weather, occur in the troposphere, a layer of
atmosphere that stretches from Earth's surface to between 4 and 12 miles
(about 6 and 19 km) up.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLCa0HM0ksvADp3ES_8qqRCDV1ZL0FHPvd4IQ7X4EUX2lXK9qxHfNm-3lsC5AgxXG5ZqNRTwspdyUYwxj0sBvnOAe3DmZrIApUKanlrvFxfJKx48IVUJQzQEqJyuIGsnGGvqRBj-2mwMxbDNqEyIDGJz3UGjro7K2MOYSpCOiuFA1zetAxnF0UIjmWe74/s886/red%20stripes%20(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLCa0HM0ksvADp3ES_8qqRCDV1ZL0FHPvd4IQ7X4EUX2lXK9qxHfNm-3lsC5AgxXG5ZqNRTwspdyUYwxj0sBvnOAe3DmZrIApUKanlrvFxfJKx48IVUJQzQEqJyuIGsnGGvqRBj-2mwMxbDNqEyIDGJz3UGjro7K2MOYSpCOiuFA1zetAxnF0UIjmWe74/w325-h400/red%20stripes%20(4).jpg" width="325" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx41K2lWZuuGXVgCLXrBDLi4neVADEBxUvFW3eibAQ5-xJLs8Wz67hCtJYxQGr6bqfiySUBfL02qF5RMbUwDYJLkIXZb3ZF33aG3gbtyh8ZTgf33xKlf8K5X7o3ntM17BwuPfGNk3Jx6E2bLLTrEjzC2c9tD2YLFbk4jXOHbhtJNUVre4N4yCekDzdwKY/s891/red%20stripes%20(3).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="891" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx41K2lWZuuGXVgCLXrBDLi4neVADEBxUvFW3eibAQ5-xJLs8Wz67hCtJYxQGr6bqfiySUBfL02qF5RMbUwDYJLkIXZb3ZF33aG3gbtyh8ZTgf33xKlf8K5X7o3ntM17BwuPfGNk3Jx6E2bLLTrEjzC2c9tD2YLFbk4jXOHbhtJNUVre4N4yCekDzdwKY/w324-h400/red%20stripes%20(3).jpg" width="324" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJapasMK80V-wNeZQczIY5JusITeFVVSdZti1HRIeYQDEpIDtcmf9wNRpdTAMGLiFx0e56-jcH9melJD3hKgaSHC9ihzX5UWmlNXJW_1b13dT_NX9So_ciHA1jMjzjRkOiE1VFkSkCmmWzRjT7zRoIvmNjVuGgH5Cb1fqEpQsK61a1A8CH8Y8XVH8I2I/s886/red%20stripes%20(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJapasMK80V-wNeZQczIY5JusITeFVVSdZti1HRIeYQDEpIDtcmf9wNRpdTAMGLiFx0e56-jcH9melJD3hKgaSHC9ihzX5UWmlNXJW_1b13dT_NX9So_ciHA1jMjzjRkOiE1VFkSkCmmWzRjT7zRoIvmNjVuGgH5Cb1fqEpQsK61a1A8CH8Y8XVH8I2I/w325-h400/red%20stripes%20(2).jpg" width="325" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHQ3D2XqUQSBe-na3qXHzEhZlaoz_2rXr1DVsCYBLy8t1QJq_QWvRjKDJm6We5lrCI9M6l3mPvSeHrM5ASz5RXlR6edwL-sfWApvczlv5oqoNZlK15rpLXXfAKMf6x6OBMu_PMNo10G_MCYFqvxJjwCwsA5xCNE8hR6sWucbfvkxMs2FalQBNcppYAecw/s886/red%20stripes%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHQ3D2XqUQSBe-na3qXHzEhZlaoz_2rXr1DVsCYBLy8t1QJq_QWvRjKDJm6We5lrCI9M6l3mPvSeHrM5ASz5RXlR6edwL-sfWApvczlv5oqoNZlK15rpLXXfAKMf6x6OBMu_PMNo10G_MCYFqvxJjwCwsA5xCNE8hR6sWucbfvkxMs2FalQBNcppYAecw/w325-h400/red%20stripes%20(1).jpg" width="325" /></a></div><br /></span><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-11045291382685462722023-12-11T00:12:00.000-08:002023-12-11T00:12:33.523-08:00 RMS Queen Elizabeth pulling into New York with service men returning home after the end of World War 2, 1945.<p><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #0f1419; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: TwitterChirp, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;">The RMS Queen Elizabeth pulling into New York with service men returning home after the end of World War 2, 1945. She was able to carry 15,000 people at a time, including 900 crew members. The trip from The British isles to the east coast of the United States usually took 5 to 7 days. During her service in World War 2, the RMS Queen Elizabeth transported more than 750,000 troops, and sailed a total of 500,000 miles (800,000 km).</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjr4FHfazFBPWtfVxiOy7dcf62yz2AYiCXZzW9Z6cxkDgoJ2RoSfDrPuev5Rf5eXpHYT-LMaXxRiw5cpZtKbvhjzjjJnpJI_vt2aPrGEzrL3xnGwVmzznTc-DTnjbUh-8dqNBj07UUtVhFOMl_itAcStwuDOEy4NS8BZ1Szu0eraNphEhqPXpzrHiBgtI/s1270/Screenshot_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="The RMS Queen Elizabeth pulling into New York with service men returning home after the end of World War 2, 1945." border="0" data-original-height="1270" data-original-width="1028" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjr4FHfazFBPWtfVxiOy7dcf62yz2AYiCXZzW9Z6cxkDgoJ2RoSfDrPuev5Rf5eXpHYT-LMaXxRiw5cpZtKbvhjzjjJnpJI_vt2aPrGEzrL3xnGwVmzznTc-DTnjbUh-8dqNBj07UUtVhFOMl_itAcStwuDOEy4NS8BZ1Szu0eraNphEhqPXpzrHiBgtI/w518-h640/Screenshot_1.jpg" title="The RMS Queen Elizabeth pulling into New York with service men returning home after the end of World War 2, 1945." width="518" /></a></div><br /><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-49037990034541588642023-12-08T02:10:00.000-08:002023-12-08T02:10:05.701-08:00Screenshot Shortcuts<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal">We often need screenshots in daily life to share with others.
Here are some methods, where you can take screenshots with shortcuts.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>1.</b> Win+Print</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Saves a screenshot of all monitors to picture / screenshots</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Alt+Print</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Click a screenshot of your active windows to your clipboard.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. Win+Shift+S</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It lets you select and save any part of your screen.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. Print</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Cople a screenshot of all monitors to your clipboard.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5. Snipping Tool</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Microsoft standard tool to generate screenshots.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDfJfkl0VD623s-LYIhWBh3pnakE-zeCJyjz6gEWNz9s72nfmNXL_YRrKldiwgwqGO3jCSeceSNlSUI-e1JQwJ5pAecZy9TPAIEPRzHQjzkImxGk6Ftbj04NZ6xk6TDG9tGusWCYYxylzh2xzwmusZOZ4a8QDR93dSCC-2njLlmb-wUXj1fQvKLa0zby0/s1637/Screenshot_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Screenshot Shortcuts" border="0" data-original-height="1637" data-original-width="1343" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDfJfkl0VD623s-LYIhWBh3pnakE-zeCJyjz6gEWNz9s72nfmNXL_YRrKldiwgwqGO3jCSeceSNlSUI-e1JQwJ5pAecZy9TPAIEPRzHQjzkImxGk6Ftbj04NZ6xk6TDG9tGusWCYYxylzh2xzwmusZOZ4a8QDR93dSCC-2njLlmb-wUXj1fQvKLa0zby0/w329-h400/Screenshot_1.jpg" title="Screenshot Shortcuts" width="329" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-60454326504357531012023-10-28T01:30:00.002-07:002023-10-28T01:30:16.073-07:00Aylostera (= Rebutia) spinosissima Backb <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Aylostera (= Rebutia) spinosissima Backb is a thickly
white-spined cactus from the Salta region in Argentina. The flowers appear
early in spring. The older plants blossom more profusely than younger ones and
they are often completely hidden under an avalanche of blooms. The fruits are
minute and bristly, a characteristic trait of the cacti in the subgenus
Aylostera. The most handsome species are A. heliosa with short, white,
adpressed spines and orange flowers, and the similar A. albopectinata with red
flowers. Both can be grafted. Cultivation of other species of this subgenus is
usually easy if a loam-based potting mix, plenty of sunlight, and fresh air in
summer are provided. At this time of the year, they can be placed outdoors. In
winter keep cool at 10° C.</span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdSiP71yNblRQqSrDiGWeb0TJJQnSjM2j3xSYku6hd10I3QbNjvCHg49lBS4jdnj11DDbtjLjhDxcD4Mqr4F57sDrswMnQ6OGMnpzYCH9q4yT7xiw_0eXP01S-W3hSSTXGfC2UmneOGIyDFo1OOweHAR89VRKYk20bVLLM5CO4iMdpR3AURLLWIciQuoc/s1242/Screenshot_7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Aylostera (= Rebutia) spinosissima Backb" border="0" data-original-height="896" data-original-width="1242" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdSiP71yNblRQqSrDiGWeb0TJJQnSjM2j3xSYku6hd10I3QbNjvCHg49lBS4jdnj11DDbtjLjhDxcD4Mqr4F57sDrswMnQ6OGMnpzYCH9q4yT7xiw_0eXP01S-W3hSSTXGfC2UmneOGIyDFo1OOweHAR89VRKYk20bVLLM5CO4iMdpR3AURLLWIciQuoc/w640-h462/Screenshot_7.png" title="Aylostera (= Rebutia) spinosissima Backb" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p>
CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-51249178518060918642023-10-17T22:33:00.003-07:002023-10-17T22:33:33.132-07:00HEN-HAWK, or CHICKEN-HAWK<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">HEN-HAWK, or CHICKEN-HAWK, is any kind of hawk that attacks
poultry or is supposed to do so. Two or three large buzzard hawks are popularly
so-called in the eastern United States, and at least two smaller falcons. In
the West, and in other parts of the English-speaking world, there are other
species of the same repute, more or less well deserved. In England, the analog
of the American marshhawk is known as "hen-harrier." </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Certainly, everywhere kills much poultry where it is not
safely housed at night. In North America, the best-known hen hawks are the
broad-winged, red-tailed, and red-shouldered. They are comparatively harmless
to poultry, however, feeding mainly on squirrels, mice, frogs, etc. The
broad-wing (Buteo pennsylvanicus) is one of the most familiar of our hawks,
breeding numerously in the woods all over the country. It is 16 inches long,
with a tail of 7 inches, and a wing of 11 inches. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The upper parts are dull umber-brown, the tail almost black,
crossed by two to four pale brown bands; the lower parts are dull rufous brown,
nearly unbroken on the breast. It is rather sluggish in temperament, though
capable of swift and bold action, and feeds mainly on mice, but will now and
then seize young chickens, ducklings, etc. On the whole, as in the case of the
other buzzard-hawks, it is of more service than injury to the agriculturist.
The real culprits are two small, swift, agile falcons, Cooper's (Accipiter
cooperi), and the sharp-shin (A. velox). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The former is nearly two feet long, grayish-brown on the
upper parts and white below, with the sides and breast barred with dusky
red-brown and tail barred with blackish. The sharp-shin has much the same
colors, but is little more than half as large, and is further distinguished by
the triangular shape of the tarsus, giving it an edge in front. These bold and
active falcons live mainly on birds, and on farms prey largely on chickens and house
sparrows, compensating somewhat for the former by killing the latter. Consult
Fisher, 'Hawks and Owls of the United States'</span></span></p>
CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-25577015819837281512023-09-07T00:29:00.003-07:002023-09-07T00:32:46.131-07:00Naming and identifying birds <p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">This article presents descriptions of the habits, behavior,
appearance, and distribution of every species of bird that breeds in or
regularly visits Australia. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Species names </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Every species of animal and plant is given a formal and
unique scientific name by which it can be known; no two species can have the
same name under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In birds, a
species is a group or population of similar-looking and similar-behaving
individuals that interbreed in the wild and produce fertile offspring. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The scientific name of a species derived from Greek or Latin
has two parts, a second part or specific epithet that identifies the species
itself and a first part or generic name that identifies the genus, the group of
species to which it belongs. Closely related species are grouped in genera so
that their relationships may be understood at a glance. Thus the Long-Tailed
Finch, identified by its epithet acuticauda, is closely allied to other species
of grass finches in the genus Poephila: hence its full scientific name,
Poephila acuticauda. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The generic name always begins with a capital letter and the
species epithet always with a small one. The scientific name is, by convention,
always printed in italics except where it occurs in italic context. In some
cases, a triple name is used. The third name indicates the subspecies, or race,
a level of classification for birds of the same species that look different and
live in different regions. Unlike other zoological and botanical fields, in
ornithology, every bird also has a recognized English or common name. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Birds may be known by many common names and at times popular
names are superseded by others more widely used internationally. The most
frequent of these alternative names are listed under 'Other Names'. Birds and
animals are also grouped into many other hierarchies of classification above
the levels of species and genus. The Australian<span style="color: red;"> <a href="https://charismaticplanet.com/vivid-green-magpie/" target="_blank">Magpie</a></span>, for instance, is
grouped with currawongs and <a href="https://charismaticplanet.com/black-backed-butcherbird/" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">butcherbirds</span></a> in the family Cracticidae. This family
is, in turn, grouped with approximately 33 other families occurring naturally
in Australia in the order Passeriformes, the perching birds, or songbirds. This
and 26 other orders are grouped in the class Aves, which comprises all birds. A
description of the orders and families of birds found in Australia is given. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Ornithologists are constantly reclassifying birds in the
light of new studies, necessitating frequent changes in scientific names and
their order. Most changes flow from generic readjustments to the position
of species, and from the discovery that distinctive populations previously
regarded as separate species hybridize and intergrade and so are one. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">After each bird's name, the describer is credited, together
with the year of the first description. This shows that most Australian birds
were named over 100 years ago. Brackets around a describer's name indicate that
the genus in which the species is now placed is different from the one in which
it was first described. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Source of classification </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The classification of species and genera follows the
forthcoming edition of the Royal Australasian Ornithologist's Union's (RAOU)
checklist of the Birds of Australia and Territories, published in the
Zoological Catalogue of Australia series by the Bureau of Flora and Fauna
(BFF), Canberra. There are some minor departures from the catalog in the
sequence of species, genera, and families, but the taxonomic adjustments
already reached by the compilers are incorporated here. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Authority for names </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Scientific and English names used here also follow those of
the RAOU-BFF catalog. By convention and consensus, that list sets the standard
for Australian nomenclature and has done so for the past 50 years. The
recommendations of the RAOU's committee of experts-B. Glover, F. Kinsky, S.
Marchant, A.R. McGill, S.A. Parker and R. Schodde have been adopted in the
forthcoming catalog, and here, except in a few cases affected by the classificatory
change. To perpetuate popular but parochial names where they conflict serves
little purpose other than to destabilize nomenclature, stir controversy, and
certainly bewilder the amateur bird-watcher. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Size </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The length or height of each bird is given. Measured from the
tip of the bill to the tip of the tail, it is rounded off to the nearest five millimeters.
Where the bill or the tail is unusually long, its form is stressed. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Identification </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The bird's color pattern is described as working usually down
the back and then down the front to the belly and undertail region, ending with
the colors of the iris of the eye, the bill, and the feet. The technical terms
for parts of a bird's body are explained on the facing page. Different
authorities sometimes use different names for the same color, especially subtle
greys and browns, but the accompanying photographs provide guidance. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Some birds, especially males, have two or more different
plumages during the year. Dull plumage is often replaced by bright at the
beginning of the breeding season, and both plumages are described. Young birds
are called chicks or nestlings until they can fly. When young leave the nest,
they are said to fledge. Free-ranging chicks that are likely to be seen, such
as ducklings, are described as downy young. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Those of Northern Hemisphere breeding waders. however, are
excluded because they are never seen in Australia. So are the chicks of most
songbirds, because they are so naked. The next stage a young bird passes
through is its first plumage of true feathers. It is then called immature. This
stage may last for several years in some species, such as the Satin Bowerbird,
and the birds may pass through several plumage phases. Where there is a
distinct immature plumage, it is described briefly. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Voice </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The sounds birds make can be important guides to
identification. They call to warn of danger, to keep in contact with one
another, to keep a flock together while feeding. These calls may be described
as zit-zit-zit, for instance, others are so elusive that they can only be
described in general terms such as 'harsh chattering sounds'. During the
breeding season, and even throughout the year, birds utter phrases to proclaim
their territory and attract a mate. Those phrases are often pleasant to hear
and, in the case of songbirds or passerines, are called songs. Wherever
possible, each bird's different calls and songs are described separately in the
passerines. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Nesting</b> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Many birds have distinct breeding seasons, in the spring in
the south, for example. In the north other birds-seed-eating parrots and
finches-have their breeding geared to the end of the wet season, when food is
plentiful. Still others, in arid regions, may breed at any time after good
rains have fallen. Most birds build a nest, fairly typical for that species, in
a fairly consistent place and height. The form and structure of each nest are
described. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Eggs are also described by number, size, approximate shape,
and color. Eggs laid in concealed places are often white, whereas those laid in
the open are often colored and marked in a way that blends with their
substrate. The large end, which emerges first, is often more heavily marked.
The size of eggs varies; the average is usually given for each species, to the
nearest millimeter. The common clutch size is also given. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">This is usually the same within a range for each species, but
where food is unusually abundant the clutch may be exceptionally large; and in
times of scarcity eggs may not be laid at all. Incubation and fledgling periods
are given wherever possible, the latter recording the period to flight, not the
day of quitting the nest by precocial chicks. If they are lacking, they have
not been found. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Distribution </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Each species has its own range, determined by the
availability of suitable habitat and food. This is described in detail just for
Australia. Within their ranges, some birds are sedentary-they stay in one
locality throughout the year while others migrate between two places, and yet
others wander nomadically. Because Australia is so vast and sparsely populated,
knowledge of bird distribution has been sketchy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">To rectify this, the Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union
has just finished a five-year project studying the distribution of birds
throughout Australia and has produced an atlas of their ranges. The maps show
the ranges of most of the species and are based on the RAOU Atlas. These maps
are necessarily simplifications of complex patterns and few if any birds will
be seen at all places throughout their ranges. Places where species occur as
rare vagrants are not shown on the map but are mentioned in the accompanying
text. Maps have not been included for some birds that visit Australia only
occasionally. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">These are mostly seabirds, which can be blown ashore anywhere
along the coast. For seabirds, only the coastal distribution is mapped. Many of
them, of course, range far beyond the coast. The overseas range of these birds,
and of others occurring beyond Australia, is summarized in the text. The maps
include the Tropic of Capri- · corn, state boundaries and, as reference points,
the sites of Adelaide, Perth, Broome, Darwin, Alice Springs, Cairns, Brisbane,
Sydney, Melbourne and Hobart. At the end of the distribution notes, the
approximate number of races is given, stressing those found in Australia. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>What to look for </b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">For most people, an interest in birds begins with identification
the pleasure to be had from putting the right name to a bird. But success in
identifying birds depends on knowing how to look at them. This is not simply a
matter of being alert but is a technique that can easily be learned. The most
important clues to a bird's identity point to which special attention should be
paid: size; shape, including the shape and length of the bill; general coloring
of the plumage and noticeable markings; behavior; call and song; when and where
the bird was seen. Because some birds visit Australia at only a certain time of
the year, when a bird is seen may be a clue to its identity. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The flight pattern is another. Is it direct or meandering?
Powerful or fluttering? Does the bird fly in short bursts or is flight
sustained? Then there is the method of flight. A bird may use its wings almost
all the time in flapping flight or it may glide on outstretched wings; it may
hover in one place or it may soar. Or its flight may be undulating a fairly regular
pattern of alternate flapping and gliding. </span></p>
<span face=""Calibri",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Further points to watch for are the way a bird
walks, runs, or hops and where and how it feeds- by diving or hawking, or by
probing bark or gleaning foliage. Shapes of Eggs Birds' eggs vary greatly in
their shapes. Some basic shapes are shown here, but there are many
intergradations. Birds of the same species usually lay eggs of the same shape.</span>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-24442926264834792812023-05-01T04:27:00.004-07:002023-05-01T04:27:58.261-07:00American Goldfinch Call and Song<p>The <a href="https://youtu.be/2AFOH5CE5pY" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">American Goldfinch</span></a> is one of the most beloved birds in the United States. It is known for its bright yellow coat and its distinct call and song. As summer approaches, its cheery call is often heard in the early morning, as the male American Goldfinch begins to sing to attract a mate. The American Goldfinch call consists of a few short, sharp notes that rise in pitch and volume, before ending on a slightly lower pitch than the beginning. It has been described as a “per-chic-o-ree” sound. The song is a cheerful, warbling tune that usually consists of several stanzas, each with several phrases.</p><p data-private="redact" data-wt-guid="67068ede-a03a-4c64-8afe-13569edd5db6"><wt-ignore source="wt-feature-result" uuid="ecc33f14-57f1-46d4-b030-34ba42b91c25"><a href="https://youtu.be/2AFOH5CE5pY" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">American Goldfinches are social birds</span></a> and often travel in groups, often found in flocks of up to several hundred. In these flocks, the males will often sing in unison to attract more females. While the males sing, the females usually remain quiet, listening carefully and choosing the one they find most attractive. </wt-ignore>The American Goldfinch has a wide range and can be found in most of the United States and Canada. During the winter months, they migrate south to places like Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. During the summer months, they head back north and can be spotted in many parks and gardens. The American Goldfinch is an amazing bird and its call and song are beautiful. If you’re out and about in the early morning, keep an eye out for these cheerful birds and enjoy the sound of their cheerful tunes!</p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-84506963945349153332023-02-28T22:58:00.009-08:002023-02-28T22:58:48.493-08:00KEEPING YOUR PRODUCT OFFERING CURRENT <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Maintaining awareness of the
latest market news, consumer concerns, and cutting-edge technologies will
stimulate sales and build a loyal client base. The idea One of the most
effective ways to keep your company current and cutting-edge is to cultivate an
awareness of changing consumer concerns. Understanding your customer is vital
to good business, but clients are not fixed on their desires. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Their needs and
wants change regularly, and for a variety of reasons—to claim you are truly at
the forefront of your industry you must maintain knowledge of, and cater to,
these changing demands. Subaru’s 2006 marketing strategy is an impressive
example of this—every buyer of selected new Impreza, Forester, and Legacy
models received £3,000 worth of free fuel vouchers. Customers who purchased any
other model in the Subaru range received £1,000 worth of vouchers. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: justify;">This deal,
not offered by any of its competitors, connects with the widespread global
concern about rising fuel prices. Instead of offering a traditional reduction in
price to stimulate sales, Subaru understood the changing needs and concerns of
its clients and used this to create a truly enticing price incentive. By
blending innovation with a willingness to react to the latest market
developments, it is possible for businesses to prosper in volatile
environments. Talk to your current and potential customers. What do they value?
What are their concerns? What do they want?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">• Find out what businesses in
other industries are doing to attract customers. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">• Ask people at all levels of
your business, including the “extended family” such as retailers or distributors,
how they would keep the product appealing. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">• Plan a series of product
enhancements and sales initiatives. A constant series of incentives to buy is
better than a desperate splurge (or a complacent lack of activity). </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">• Be prepared to test a range of
ideas and initiatives. Find out what works best, where, and why, and see whether
it can be replicated elsewhere.</p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-84739547114795113342023-02-13T00:42:00.002-08:002023-02-13T00:42:31.502-08:00The Roman Ship, "De Meern" is a well-preserved ancient ship<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Roman Ship, "De Meern" is a well-preserved ancient ship that was discovered in the Netherlands. It was discovered in the 1990s during the construction of a housing development near the town of De Meern. The ship is believed to have been built in the 1st or 2nd century AD and was used for transportation and trade. It is considered to be one of the best-preserved ancient ships in the world and provides valuable insight into the maritime culture and technology of the Roman period. The ship is now on display at the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden, Netherlands.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJShFjEu9yR0P4J91M_RzZ0PY5qnKqHABITZXFEyrZv_bJZ4FyQwDKsJGVKXwB8-UFu3XCigs9HjX6JJ_Ih9eGBf4uaf8x9EfAg-OqdQEr-2LyrQRe_H3jReYPEnVaq6Xr54ToMkrpaLFmg_xvFEEBSKXk7AwFgkDTZnJMgwQflQrbCzeBUI8Fuzkq/s714/Screenshot_26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="714" data-original-width="408" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJShFjEu9yR0P4J91M_RzZ0PY5qnKqHABITZXFEyrZv_bJZ4FyQwDKsJGVKXwB8-UFu3XCigs9HjX6JJ_Ih9eGBf4uaf8x9EfAg-OqdQEr-2LyrQRe_H3jReYPEnVaq6Xr54ToMkrpaLFmg_xvFEEBSKXk7AwFgkDTZnJMgwQflQrbCzeBUI8Fuzkq/w366-h640/Screenshot_26.jpg" width="366" /></a></div><br /></span></div>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-64101849492769011942023-02-07T19:27:00.001-08:002023-02-07T19:27:05.321-08:00Western Bowerbird (Chlamydera guttata)<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">The Western Bowerbird replaces the Spotted Bowerbird in the desert hills and ranges of central and Western Australia. Bower-building and behavior are similar, although the Western builds its avenue of sticks on a higher platform 150-200 mm above ground level.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is so much resemblance between them that they have been considered races of the same species. <span data-issueid="e34e3088-c396-47fc-b9b6-5a886f8aeb12" data-testid="issue-underline:Westerners,">Westerns,</span> however, are much smaller and more colorful than their eastern counterparts. There is a difference in shape between the tail and the bill of this bird. Unlike the Spotted, its crown is scalloped, not streaked, and its mantle patch lacks the plain appearance that is characteristic of the species.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVeixAB7vQdsOIGtJhdUNWzDgcRY36B3YuS7QrGpCL7rh8xU9Y8N8l_7yfxSTZj-1Go54dq5boNRpoOozEhB0IF0P4kL4Z62Z992yIrFcFMo_E_ZYyf1J-YPjyAg3WcIVlGwq4-y7TG7TSSNYolJI21V6qrUTfPPX-EaD8N1ZK1pQfwnJlJAPExxzk/s566/Screenshot_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="566" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVeixAB7vQdsOIGtJhdUNWzDgcRY36B3YuS7QrGpCL7rh8xU9Y8N8l_7yfxSTZj-1Go54dq5boNRpoOozEhB0IF0P4kL4Z62Z992yIrFcFMo_E_ZYyf1J-YPjyAg3WcIVlGwq4-y7TG7TSSNYolJI21V6qrUTfPPX-EaD8N1ZK1pQfwnJlJAPExxzk/s320/Screenshot_6.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is no evidence that they intergrade where they almost meet in the northern Simpson Desert. In their range, Western Bowerbirds prefer breaks where there is water for drinking and copses of leafy trees for shelter and food. As the female approaches his bower to inspect, the male calls out, fans his tail, jumps and flicks his wings, and performs ritualized dances. <span data-issueid="001cfd62-2336-4058-bcfe-7d362cdedbb3" data-testid="issue-underline:Pink crests will also be placed on necks, as well as decorations held in the bill and">The pink crest on the neck will also be erected, as wall decorations held in the bill and</span> shaken vigorously.<br /></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">However, they are primarily fruit-eaters, <span data-issueid="14df0f13-40f2-4df4-b0e0-bc5d9ed27731" data-testid="issue-underline:eating the drupes">eating drupes</span> of <span data-issueid="21cb25bd-b50a-46dc-8ec2-d35f59eeeed1" data-testid="issue-underline:sandalwood">sandalwoods</span> and mistletoe within the crowns of shrubs and trees. Fig trees, Ficus platypoda, are found in pockets in many areas where the bird lives. Guttated <span data-issueid="affe8379-2df4-40f7-89c0-05f8405c8614" data-testid="issue-underline:bowerbird">Bowerbird</span> is another name for it. Western <span data-issueid="e1b43207-41f7-4ad7-8c9e-0af2b9831645" data-testid="issue-underline:bowerbirds">Bowerbirds</span> are about 250-270 mm long, but females are a bit larger.<br /></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Male: This male possesses a broad nape bar of dense lilac plumes over a dusky, closely scalloped ochre crown. There is a fleck of ochre on the tips of all feathers on the mantle as well as the rest of the upper parts, wings, and short tail. <span data-issueid="5fdde555-486a-4efe-adad-41cd8292a34a" data-testid="issue-underline:On">In</span> the face and throat, the color is dusky, spotted with ochre. On the flanks and undertail, the color is yellow-cream, slightly barred, and variably washed with russet.<br /></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The eyes are brown in color. There is a black bill and a yellow mouth. Olive-grey is the color of the feet. The female has a scalloped crown, a shorter nape bar, a more heavily spotted throat, and a longer tail than the male. MALE: As female; <span data-issueid="d9271c17-a527-45a5-ba06-585297690dae" data-testid="issue-underline:no nape.">nape bar absent.</span> This bird has a similar call to the Spotted Bowerbird. Francis Gregory collected the species in 1861, and John Gould gave the specimen to him. As a result of its plumage, guttata is named spotted. There is a close similarity between this species and Chlamydera maculata, the spotted bowerbird.<br /></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The western bowerbird is polygamous, with males mating with several females over the breeding season and females taking care of nesting, incubation, and chick rearing. September-December is the nesting and breeding season. In trees, nests are made from loose saucers of dry twigs, lined with finer twigs and needles, and placed in horizontal forks. Usually two eggs; pale grey-green, covered with brown scrolls and occasional darker blotches; oval, 32 x 26mm.<br /></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial;">From Birksgate, Warburton, Macdonnell, and Jervois Ranges to the edg<span data-issueid="0076e01f-cc63-43b9-ba37-8cf21fb24fe1" data-testid="issue-underline:of the Gibson">e of Gibs</span>on Desert, and south t<span data-issueid="b99280d3-60e8-4c75-a261-6e6e03a3c011" data-testid="issue-underline:Cue Leonora,">o CueLeonor</span>a, WA, the Western Bowerbird is found in central Australian ranges<span data-issueid="49d5c141-d983-4a1b-94a6-7ce74688874f" data-testid="issue-underline:As well as the nominate Chlamydera guttatag, there is also C. guttata cateri, which occurs only in the North West Cape of Western Australia.">. In addition to the nominated Chlamydera guttatag, and C. guttata cateri, which occurs only in the North West Cape in Western Australi</span>a. Rock figs, sandalwood, snake gourd, and mistletoe are among the fruits fed to the western bowerbird. In addition to feeding on cultivated fruits, they will also enter farms to do so. Other items in the diet include nectar, flowers, beetles, grasshoppers, ants, moths, and moth larvae. It is rare to find them far from water as they need to drink regularly.</span></span><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-15125214637540328512023-02-05T05:19:00.001-08:002023-02-05T05:19:23.711-08:00What is graffiti art definition<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Graffiti is a form of visual art that consists of writing or drawings made on public surfaces, typically without permission. It can range from simple text to complex murals and often involves spray paint or markers. Graffiti has a long history, with examples dating back to ancient civilizations, and can be seen as both vandalism and as a form of self-expression and social commentary. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">Graffiti art is a form of visual expression that often uses public spaces as a canvas. It is created using a variety of techniques, including spray paint, markers, and stencils, and can take many forms, from simple tags to more elaborate murals. Despite its historical roots and cultural significance, graffiti art remains controversial, with some seeing it as vandalism and others as a legitimate form of artistic expression. Despite this, many cities around the world have embraced graffiti art and created designated spaces for it to be legally practiced.</span></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-79401404039849179292023-02-04T07:22:00.003-08:002023-02-04T07:22:31.544-08:00bullock's oriole vs hooded oriole<p> <span style="background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bullock's Oriole and Hooded Oriole are both species of birds in the family Icteridae. They are found in North America and belong to the same genus (Icterus).</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bullock's Oriole is a large oriole found in western North America, with a range extending from southwestern Canada to Mexico. They have a striking appearance, with a bright yellow head and chest, a black back and tail, and white wing bars.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hooded Oriole is a smaller oriole, found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. They have a distinctive orange head and chest, a black back and tail, and a white patch on the wings.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Noto Sans", sans-serif, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol", "Noto Color Emoji"; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Both species feed on nectar, fruit, and insects and are known for their beautiful songs. However, they are easily distinguished by their distinctive plumage, with Bullock's Oriole having a yellow head and Hooded Oriole having an orange head.</p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-27407520764079030292022-10-07T03:09:00.004-07:002022-10-07T03:09:58.685-07:00Barred Owl Call / Sounds<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: justify;">The barred owl is a powerful
vocalist, <a href="https://youtu.be/OVqYzhL6edI" target="_blank">with an array of calls</a> that are considered "fantastic, loud, and
emphatic". Calls probably carry well over 0.8 km. Its usual call is a
series of eight accented hoots or the "typical two-phrase hoot" with
a downward pitch at the end. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Due to its best-known call, the barred owl is
sometimes colloquially referred to as Old Eight-Hooter. Another call type is
the "mumble", a grumbling, slurred, and subtle an up-and-down
"twitter" calls at a high pitch. When agitated, this species will
make a buzzy, rasping hiss about three times in three seconds, repeating every
10–30 seconds, and will click its beak together forcefully. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: justify;">The voice of the
two sexes is similar, but the female has a higher-pitched voice with longer
terminal notes. <a href="https://youtu.be/OVqYzhL6edI" target="_blank">While calls are most common at night</a>, the birds do call during
the day as well, especially when provoked by human playback or imitation. They
are more responsive than any hawk in the east to playback of calls of their own
species. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: justify;">The barred owl is noisy in most seasons but peak vocalization times
for barred owls tend to be between late January and early April. Two seasonal
peaks in vocalizations, one right before breeding and another after the young
have dispersed, <a href="https://youtu.be/OVqYzhL6edI" target="_blank">with peak vocalizations</a> on nights with extensive cloud cover. Peak
times for vocalizations are between 6:00 pm and 6:00 am, with the least
frequent vocalizations around mid-afternoon.</span></span></p>
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The barred owl also known as the northern barred
owl, striped owl or, more informally, hoot owl, is a North American large
species of owl. A member of the true owl family, Strigidae. Barred owls are
largely native to eastern North America, but have expanded their range to the
west coast of North America where they are considered invasive. Their diet
consists mainly of small mammals, but this species is an opportunistic predator
and is known to prey upon other small vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and
amphibians, as well as a variety of invertebrates. Barred owls are brown to
gray overall, with dark striping on the underside. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Barred owls have typical
nesting habits for a true owl, tending to raise a relatively small brood often
in a tree hollow or snag (but sometimes also in other nesting sites) in
forested areas. As a result of the barred owl's westward expansion, the species
has begun to encroach on the range of the related and threatened spotted owl.
Evidence shows the assorted threats posed by the invading barred species are
only increasing. In response, biologists have recommended culling operations to
mitigate the negative effect of the barred on the spotted owl species. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUHAcqriUHhcG7RNSAfr0LZluo7bE7y2MJZD6exgBYKX9VjLg6_AhmliqYasngNcsqkaaOrdGW0O-Aa4cQRI7U7SiM6ez8sW4w0Lv1RpcWafWeL9YBWP9IoigbwYR9PPnH5GTqpe27THn13BIGB29StRs0grUHMyUohpzJRU9HnTeFEnQwTTsPhc8I/s2268/Barred_Owl_(Strix_varia)_RWD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1702" data-original-width="2268" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUHAcqriUHhcG7RNSAfr0LZluo7bE7y2MJZD6exgBYKX9VjLg6_AhmliqYasngNcsqkaaOrdGW0O-Aa4cQRI7U7SiM6ez8sW4w0Lv1RpcWafWeL9YBWP9IoigbwYR9PPnH5GTqpe27THn13BIGB29StRs0grUHMyUohpzJRU9HnTeFEnQwTTsPhc8I/w640-h480/Barred_Owl_(Strix_varia)_RWD.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></div></span>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-32536739289364909612022-09-01T20:50:00.002-07:002022-09-01T20:50:18.472-07:00House Wren <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="text-align: justify;">The<a href="https://youtu.be/E1dQCTe4arc" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"> house wren</span> </a>(Troglodytes
aedon) is a very small bird of the wren family, Troglodytidae. It occurs from
Canada to southernmost South America and is thus the most widely distributed
native bird in the Americas. It occurs in most suburban areas in its range and
it is the single most common wren. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Adults are 11 to 15 cm long including
wingspan and weigh about 10 to 12 g. The subspecies vary greatly, with upper parts ranging from dull greyish-brown to rich rufescent-brown, and the
underparts ranging from brown, over buff, and pale grey, to pure white. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">All
subspecies have blackish barring to the wings and tail, and some also to the
flanks. All subspecies show a faint eye-ring and eyebrow and have a long, thin
bill with a blackish upper mandible, and a black-tipped yellowish or pale grey lower
mandible. The legs are pinkish or grey. The short tail is typically held
cocked.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This bird's rich bubbly song is
commonly heard during the nesting season but rarely afterward. There is marked
geographical variation in the song, though somewhat more gradual than in the
bird's outward appearance that can strikingly differ, e.g., on neighboring
islands in the Caribbean. Birds from far north and south of the species' range
nonetheless have songs that differ markedly. In North America, the <a href="https://youtu.be/E1dQCTe4arc" target="_blank">house wren</a>
is thought to achieve the highest density in floodplain forests in the western Great
Plains where it uses woodpecker holes as nesting sites. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In South and Central America, it
can be found in virtually any habitat and is, as indicated by its common name,
often associated with humans. North American birds migrate to the southern
United States and Mexico for winter. Most return to the breeding grounds in
late April to May and leave for winter quarters again around September to
early October. These birds forage actively in vegetation. They mainly eat
insects such as butterfly larvae, beetles, and bugs, also spiders and snails.
Southern house wrens rarely attend mixed-species feeding flocks. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The nest is
made from small dry sticks and is usually lined with a variety of different
materials. These include feather, hair, wool, spider cocoons, strips of
bark, rootlets, moss, and trash. Nest cavities are usually a few meters above
ground at most, but occasionally on cliffs as high up as 49 ft and more at
least in southern populations. House wrens are feisty and pugnacious animals
considering their tiny size. They are known to occasionally destroy the eggs of
other birds nesting in their territory by puncturing the eggshell. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://youtu.be/E1dQCTe4arc" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Females thatsang more songs </span></a>to conspecifics that were simulated by playback lost fewer eggs
to ovicide by other wrens. Female bird song in this species is, therefore,
thought to have a function in competition and is not only displayed by males.
They are also known to fill up other birds' nests within their territory with
sticks to make them unusable. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Depending on the exact population, the house
wrens' clutch is usually between two and eight red-blotched cream-white eggs,
weighing about 1.4 g each and measuring 17 and 13.4 mm at the widest points.
Only the female incubates these, for around 13–19 days, and she will every now
and then leave the nest for various reasons. While she is on the nest, the male
provisions her with food. The young, who like all passerines hatch almost naked
and helpless, take another 15–19 days. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD412P0rHkGLrwkdO8mMYqyEvM1f5V6jXmexON0GAz_9QkLlgwLtqUvETVVtgfFKouhRwv_QgmgCh6k1HwmqXqxE9K5GmzLwywc65q2Bcc_4lUuH9SZOzSeRpAjda8di_urepHSptpisttoc_2iLgTtgIcnH61WO6W1qJWWMLnJZWK9tcer_8iTF67/s1031/Troglodytes_aedon_NPS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1031" height="349" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD412P0rHkGLrwkdO8mMYqyEvM1f5V6jXmexON0GAz_9QkLlgwLtqUvETVVtgfFKouhRwv_QgmgCh6k1HwmqXqxE9K5GmzLwywc65q2Bcc_4lUuH9SZOzSeRpAjda8di_urepHSptpisttoc_2iLgTtgIcnH61WO6W1qJWWMLnJZWK9tcer_8iTF67/w400-h349/Troglodytes_aedon_NPS.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> or so to fledge. </span></div><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-54978696131734350832022-08-20T22:49:00.004-07:002022-08-20T22:49:58.669-07:00western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)<p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Century Gothic", sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px; text-align: justify;">Approximately 8.5 inches (22 cm) long, the <a href="https://youtu.be/6LbOG4AC5Uc" target="_blank">western meadowlark</a> (Sturnella neglecta) is part of the icterid family. North America's western and central grasslands are suitable for its nesting. Bugs are the main food source, but seeds and berries also play a role. In contrast to the closely related eastern meadowlark, the western meadowlark has <a href="https://youtu.be/6LbOG4AC5Uc" target="_blank">distinctive calls</a> that are described as watery or flute-like. Besides Montana, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Wyoming, the western meadowlark is the state bird of six other states.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVyaZyzJ3DSSsdy32ztsGa2YLHoEUJk9ynEno3qVsq3TsFxmwV8htGXfkMFHS6Nwmgq91oXERl4_IThXZ9iPTfRhhMcYuKGoAblyYYU1FQUq50wJjVigS1XUcAtKUugutVa4vqFEAg_cOvJn4kNGUaruL6PNWwShXIzy3kjHDSzOXRlCh7ZlIF3xOM/s533/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="533" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVyaZyzJ3DSSsdy32ztsGa2YLHoEUJk9ynEno3qVsq3TsFxmwV8htGXfkMFHS6Nwmgq91oXERl4_IThXZ9iPTfRhhMcYuKGoAblyYYU1FQUq50wJjVigS1XUcAtKUugutVa4vqFEAg_cOvJn4kNGUaruL6PNWwShXIzy3kjHDSzOXRlCh7ZlIF3xOM/w400-h300/5.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-36604628784818854002022-08-03T23:50:00.002-07:002022-08-03T23:50:38.172-07:00Facts of Mourning Dove <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The Mourning Dove is the most widespread and abundant game bird in North America. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Scientific Name</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Other Names</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The <a href="https://youtu.be/0QEviOyb-jY" target="_blank">bird is also known as the American mourning dove</a>, the rain dove, and the turtle dove, and it was once known as the Carolina pigeon and Carolina turtledove.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Meaning</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">While the mourning dove is often a symbol of sorrow and mourning, it symbolizes the same things as its white dove cousin. The mourning dove is, above all other symbolism, a spiritual messenger of peace, love, and faith. A reflection of grief is evoked by their sound.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Life Spans</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">It is estimated that between 50-65% of all Mourning Doves die annually. The average life span for an adult Mourning Dove is 1.5 years. The oldest known free-living bird, discovered through bird banding research, was over 31 years old.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Nest</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Typically <a href="https://youtu.be/0QEviOyb-jY" target="_blank">mourning dove nests</a> made in amid dense foliage on the branch of an evergreen, orchard tree, mesquite, cottonwood, or vine. Also quite commonly nests on the ground, particularly in the West. Unbothered by nesting around humans, Mourning Doves may even nest on gutters, eaves, or abandoned equipment.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Eggs</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A female adult mourning dove lays two plain, white, nondescript eggs per clutch. Both parents incubate the eggs for about 14 days. The parents may go on to have up to five or six broods of baby mourning doves in one season.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Male vs Female</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The female mourning dove has a rounder head compared to the male. The male also has a more intense and vivid coloration than the female. The male mourning dove has a peculiar bluish-gray crown, light pink breast area, and bright purple-pink patches on the sides of the neck.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Behaviour </b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://youtu.be/0QEviOyb-jY" target="_blank">Mourning doves</a> sunbathe or rain bathe by lying on the ground or a flat tree limb, leaning over, stretching one wing, and keeping this posture for up to twenty minutes. These birds can also water bathe in shallow pools or birdbaths. Dustbathing is common as well. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">During sleep, the head rests between the shoulders, close to the body; it is not tucked under the shoulder feathers as in many other species. During the winter in Canada, roosting flights to the roosts in the evening, and out of the roosts in the morning, are delayed on colder days.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Mourning Dove Migration</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Most mourning doves migrate along flyways over land. Birds in Canada migrate the farthest, probably wintering in Mexico or further south. Those that spend the summer further south are more sedentary, with much shorter migrations. At the southern part of their range, Mourning Doves are present year-round. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Spring migration north runs from March to May. Fall migration south runs from September to November, with immatures moving first, followed by adult females and then by adult males. Migration is usually during the day, in flocks, and at low altitudes.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Population</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The <a href="https://youtu.be/0QEviOyb-jY" target="_blank">Mourning Dove is the most widespread</a> and abundant game bird in North America. Every year hunters harvest more than 20 million, but the Mourning Dove remains one of our most abundant birds with a U.S. population estimated at 350 million.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKd5AjQIoaHU1L0xZnzRJhC2taQUuVB1KNprzwCf98Gx4Z1CuBuh2t3Zrvu-3-kU81tZbOTqTVlJEF37-R_QPo0ARhohjJXifnt6SdSYiUyoV0IgrgIL8tH87SVDkv9JWoQGY6A_dweixSzEo9bVWdMYkmky-KkmfEZK1sOYKnk9PccDzMyXqgGjC9/s960/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKd5AjQIoaHU1L0xZnzRJhC2taQUuVB1KNprzwCf98Gx4Z1CuBuh2t3Zrvu-3-kU81tZbOTqTVlJEF37-R_QPo0ARhohjJXifnt6SdSYiUyoV0IgrgIL8tH87SVDkv9JWoQGY6A_dweixSzEo9bVWdMYkmky-KkmfEZK1sOYKnk9PccDzMyXqgGjC9/w640-h426/4.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-33890960565416170582022-05-28T01:40:00.005-07:002022-05-28T01:40:40.825-07:00Cuckoo–hawk mimicry? An experimental test<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">We found clear differences in tit responses depending on the mounted species to which they were exposed. During the presentations of the two harmless controls, a familiar collared dove and a novel teal, the tits often continued to visit the feeders, and afterward their attendance returned to pre-exposure levels. By contrast, they avoided the feeders during and after both sparrowhawk and cuckoo presentations. The most striking result from experiment 1 was that the response was similar to sparrowhawks and cuckoos, even though cuckoos are of no threat to adult tits. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The plumage manipulations in experiment 2 suggested that the strong alarm response to cuckoos depended on their resemblance to hawks because when their hawk-like underpart barring was obscured, the tits treated them as no more of a threat than doves. This supports the idea that the evolution of barring in parasitic cuckoos, revealed by the comparative analysis (Payne 1967; Kru¨ger et al. 2007), enhances their resemblance to hawks. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">However, underpart barring cannot be the only feature inducing an alarm response because the tits showed equally strong alarm to barred and unbarred hawks. Furthermore, little alarm was shown to barred doves. Therefore, the underpart barring must combine with other cuckoo features, for example, their grey upperparts and elongated wings and tail, to cause hawk resemblance. We found no significant effect of the specimen, which suggests that these results cannot be attributed to any peculiarities of the particular mounts we used. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">We also found no effect of the study site, so the tits on Wicken Fen, which would have experienced daily encounters with cuckoos during the previous summer, had equally strong responses to cuckoos as the tits in Cambridge and Madingley Wood, which were unlikely to have encountered cuckoos. This suggests that the strong effect of the cuckoo at both sites was not simply one of alarm to a novel stimulus. Tits attending rich food sources are especially vulnerable to attack because sparrowhawks learn that these are good locations for finding prey (Hinsley et al. 1995). </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Because sparrowhawks make surprise attacks (Newton 1986; Cresswell 1996), alarm to any hawk-like stimuli is likely to be adaptive, despite the loss of feeding time from frequent false alarms. Nevertheless, the 5 min exposure of the specimens gave the tits ample opportunity for close inspection, so it is remarkable that a cuckoo caused a strong alarm response, given that it lacks a hawk’s lethal weapons, namely talons and a hooked beak. If the inspection of a potentially dangerous predator is costly, then even a slight resemblance through shape, grey upperparts, and underpart barring may be sufficient to deter approach. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Other studies have shown that mimics do not have to resemble the model perfectly to gain protection, especially when signal receivers regard the model as highly noxious or dangerous, or if the model is relatively common (Ruxton et al. 2004). Perhaps the tits’ response depends not only on the stimulus but also on the context; cuckoos are absent in winter so hawk-like stimuli at this time are more likely to be hawks. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The motivation of the signal receiver (value of the resource it is exploiting) may also influence responses to models and potential mimics (Barnett et al. 2007; Cheney & Coˆ te´ 2007). For example, it may pay a more hungry tit to risk a closer inspection of hawk-like stimuli when there is the potential for the stimulus to be a harmless mimic. Previous work on egg discrimination has shown that both great and blue tits, like other species with no history of cuckoo parasitism, will accept eggs unlike their own. This suggests that the egg rejection exhibited by cuckoo hosts has evolved specifically in response to cuckoo parasitism (Davies & Brooke 1989; Moksnes et al. 1991). </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Our results here show that, at least in one context, great and blue tits respond to adult cuckoos as if they were hawks. This raises the possibility that the discrimination by cuckoo hosts of the adult cuckoo as an enemy distinct from hawks, which can be attacked (Moksnes et al. 1991; Duckworth 1991;Welbergen & Davies in press), is also an evolved response to cuckoo parasitism. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Experiments have revealed that in response to brood parasitism, hosts pay closer attention to the features of their own eggs so they are better able to discriminate against foreign eggs (Rothstein 1982; Lotem et al. 1995). Similarly, hosts may pay closer attention to multiple features of hawks so they can better discriminate cuckoos. Further studies are now needed to test the features used by cuckoo hosts to distinguish cuckoos from hawks and to test whether, despite some host discrimination, parasitic cuckoos still gain from hawk resemblance. Just as host improvements in egg discrimination have been selected for better cuckoo egg mimicry (Brooke & Davies 1988), so perhaps have improvements in their plumage discrimination selected for better cuckoo–hawk mimicry. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The study followed the guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioral research and teaching (Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour). The mounted specimens were obtained from licensed taxidermists. We thank Chris Thorne and the Wicken Fen Group, Nancy Harrison, Julia Mackenzie, and Camilla Hinde for color-ringing tits; Jan Davies for making the barred/unbarred underparts for the mounts; John Parker, the director, for permission to work in the Cambridge University Botanic Garden; two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and the Natural Environment Research Council for funding.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">N. B. Davies* and J. A. Welbergen</span></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-40829297767224044642022-05-09T22:47:00.002-07:002022-05-09T22:47:21.891-07:00GIANT GROUND SLOTH<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">GIANT GROUND SLOTH Giant Ground Sloth—The human silhouette in this picture gives an idea of how huge these extinct sloths were. They could even rear up on their hind legs to reach lofty food. (Natural History Museum at Tring) Giant Ground Sloth—The ground sloths were perhaps the most impressive of all the extinct South American mammals. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Scientific name: Megatherium americanum</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Scientific classification:</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Phylum: Chordata</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Class: Mammalia</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Order: Pilosa</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Family: Megatheriidae</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>When did it become extinct? The last giant ground sloths are thought to have died out</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>around 8,000 to 10,000 years ago.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #800180; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Where did it live? The giant ground sloths were found throughout South America.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The largest species (Megatherium americanum), the one depicted here, was about the same size as a fully grown elephant. South America is probably the most biodiverse landmass on earth, yet, many thousands of years ago, the fauna of this continent was even more remarkable. A perfect example of this long-gone South American fauna is a ground-dwelling sloth that was the same size as an elephant. This was the giant ground sloth, and it was an immense and unusual animal. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Fully grown, the giant ground sloth was about 6 m long and estimated of its weight range between 4 and 5 tonnes. Several skeletons (real and copies) of this animal are to be found in museum collections around the world, and one of the most astonishing things about these remains is the size of the bones. The limb bones and their supporting structures are massive and give an impression of a heavy, powerful animal. In life, the digits of the animal were tipped with long claws, which may have been used to grab plant food or even as weapons. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">We know from the skeletons of this animal that the bones of the hind feet were arranged in a very peculiar way, making it impossible for the living animal to place its feet flat on the ground. The animal could certainly rear up onto its hind legs, and perhaps even manage to amble around in this posture, using its thick tail as a strong prop, but it had to shuffle around on the outside of its feet with the long claws pointing inward. The giant ground sloth may have been able to make better progress on all fours, possibly reserving its two-legged stance for feeding or defense. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As the giant ground sloth is related to the living sloths, it was always assumed that they were gentle plant-eating animals, but some recent, controversial scientific research has shed some light on how this massive beast used its forelimbs. These studies suggest the forelimbs of a giant ground sloth were adapted for fast movement. Such an ability was of little use to a plant-nibbling animal that needed a strong, sustained pull to bring tasty leaf-bearing branches within reach of its mouth. The research suggests that the muscles of the forelimbs were used to power the large claws into other animals, and maybe not only in defense. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The animal’s teeth also give intriguing insights into the way it fed. They are not the normal grinding blocks that are found in the mouths of plant-feeding mammals. Th ey and the jaws they sit in appear to be adapted for slicing, much like the jaws and teeth of meat-eating animals. The claws and teeth of this giant mammal have led some people to suggest that the giant ground sloth was not a plant feeder at all, but a scavenging animal that used its size to drive predatory animals from their kill before digging into the carcass. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The image of a 5-tonne brute ambling over to a group of dire wolves, scaring them off, and then devouring their kill is quite fantastic. Regardless of this research, it is decidedly unlikely that this giant lived in this way, and like its living relatives, the giant ground sloth was probably a herbivore, but it may have been able to use its forelimbs and teeth to defend itself. As with almost all of the long-dead animals that once roamed South America, we cannot be certain what brought about the demise of the giant ground sloth. It has been speculated that the arrival of modern humans, with spears and arrows, led to their extinction, but it is reasonable to assume that there was something much more far-reaching happening at the time that wiped these animals out. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Climate change is one of the usual suspects, and we know that the earth’s habitats were going through some massive changes at the time these animals went extinct. Global temperatures were changing, and land-dwelling animals everywhere were being affected. Hunting may have had an effect, but it may have been minor compared to the ravages of climate change. Today, there are still vast areas of South America where people rarely venture, and some people believe that a species of giant ground sloth may have somehow survived the events that wiped out its relatives and is alive and well in these remote areas. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Local inhabitants call the beast the mapinguary, and it is said to rear up on its back legs and emit a foul-smelling odor from a gland in its abdomen—not only that but the creature is said to be impervious to bullets and arrows, thanks to some very tough skin on its belly and back. Without a specimen or an excellent photograph, it is difficult to take these stories seriously, but it is worth remembering that previously unknown species of mammal are discovered fairly regularly, and some of them are surprisingly large. If a live giant ground sloth was found today, it would be the zoological story of all time. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• It is thought that there were around four species of giant ground sloth. The species mentioned here (Megatherium americanum) was by far the biggest. The closest living relatives of these extinct animals are the anteaters, armadillos, and tree sloths. The biggest of these, the giant anteater, would be dwarfed by even the smallest giant ground sloth.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• In 1895, a rancher by the name of Eberhardt found some hide in a cave in Patagonia that turned out to be giant ground sloth skin. The skin was in very good condition, and some people believed that it was from an animal that died relatively recently. When techniques became available to age the skin, it was found to be several thousand years old—it was just that the very dry conditions in the cave had prevented it from rotting. Interestingly, the mummified skin was studded with bony nodules, which probably gave the animal excellent protection from the teeth and claws of predators, and perhaps even the spears and arrows of early humans. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• It would be fantastic if a species of giant ground sloth had somehow survived into the modern-day, but accounts of the mapinguary may be due to confusion with other animals or derived from folk memories of when humans encountered these animals thousands of years ago.</span></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-31292493856437274452022-05-07T02:12:00.002-07:002022-05-07T02:12:12.352-07:00CATNIP (Nepeta cataria) <p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #231f20; text-align: justify;">Labiatae (Lamiaceae; mint family)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Also known as Catmint, catnep, catrup, catwort,
English catnip, field balm, nep, nip<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">DESCRIPTION<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #231f20;">• Catnip, a hardy perennial that grows 0.6 to
1 m (2 to 3 feet) tall, is native from the eastern Mediterranean region to the
western Himalayas, central Asia, southern Siberia, and China. Most cats love
catnip and purr contentedly, tear delightedly, and roll in ecstasy on its crushed
leaves. </span><span style="color: #231f20;">The generic name </span><span style="color: #231f20;">Nepeta </span><span style="color: #231f20;">comes from the Italian town Nepete, where catnip was once
cultivated.</span><span style="color: #231f20;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Light green, scalloped, opposite leaves have
heart-shaped bases, pointed tips, and velvety, grayish-white undersides. The
edible leaves, which have a strong mint-like, warm, pungent, bitterish
fragrance and flavor, grow in massed profusion before the plant flowers. After
the blossoms appear, the leaves become more sparse.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip has erect, square, branching stems
that are covered in soft hairs. The root becomes quite woody and branched with
age. Each spring the root sends up an increasing number of new items, many of
which are rather close together.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Produces spikes of small whitish or pinkish,
purple- or red-dotted flowers in midsummer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• May be grown indoors for winter use.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip is an excellent honey plant.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CULTIVATION NOTES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip grows bushiest in well-drained, moderately
rich soil, although it also grows well in dry, sandy soil. Add a light layer of
compost to the top of the soil before planting. Recommended pH range is 4.9 to
7.5.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><i><span style="color: #231f20;">Culinary Herbs for Short-Season Gardeners</span></i></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Thrives in partial shade, but can be grown in
full sun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Grows easily from seed, which should be
started indoors about 6 to 8 weeks before your last spring frost date. Sow
seeds no more than 6 mm (¼ inch) deep. Seedlings usually emerge in 8 to 10
days.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Space transplanted seedlings 30 cm (12
inches) apart.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Can also be propagated by dividing the roots
in the spring or fall, or from softwood or stem tip cuttings. Cuttings from
young plants tend to root more quickly, often in just a week. Stem cuttings
should be about 10 cm (4 inches) long. Grow rooted cuttings to about 15 cm (6
inches) in a moist medium before you transplant them to the garden.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip self-sows easily, so be prepared to
remove unwanted plants. Weed as Required.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• For bushier plants, pinch flower buds as
they appear.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Usually pest-free, but susceptible to rust
and root rot.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Cats are the biggest problem confronting
catnip gardeners. Give young plants a chance to get established by enclosing
them in a sturdy chicken wire cage, which will protect them from enthusiastic
felines. Cats are drawn to catnip only when the branches are broken or the
leaves are bruised, thereby releasing the attractant chemicals, so if the plants
aren’t damaged, cats will probably leave them alone.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Overwinters outdoors up to zone 3.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Indoor plants should be potted in moist, but
not soggy soil that is supplemented with lime. Plants need at least 5 hours of
direct sunlight daily. Prune as required, as plants are inclined to become
scraggly.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">HARVESTING NOTES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Pick leaves for fresh use at any time
throughout the summer, although the taste is milder if you pick the leaves
before the plant flowers. Collect the leaves in the morning, after the dew has
evaporated.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• To dry catnip, harvest complete stems,
including the flowering head and the tender leaves. Cut stems about 5 cm (2
inches) from the ground, and hang upside down in a shady location. When dry,
strip off the leaves, crumble them, and store in airtight jars out of the
light.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CULINARY USES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip was a familiar herb in English
kitchen gardens as far back as the 13th century. Catnip leaves were once used
for rubbing meats before they were cooked, and were chopped and sprinkled into
green salads. Snip a few leaves into your salads and see how you like it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Add fresh or dried leaves to soups, stews,
and hearty sauces.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">HARVESTING NOTES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Pick leaves for fresh use at any time
throughout the summer, although the taste is milder if you pick the leaves
before the plant flowers. Collect the leaves in the morning, after the dew has
evaporated.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• To dry catnip, harvest complete stems,
including the flowering head and the tender leaves. Cut stems about 5 cm (2 inches)
from the ground, and hang upside down in a shady location. When dry, strip off
the leaves, crumble them, and store in airtight jars out of the light.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CULINARY USES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip was a familiar herb in English
kitchen gardens as far back as the 13th century. Catnip leaves were once used
for rubbing meats before they were cooked, and were chopped and sprinkled into
green salads. Snip a few leaves into your salads and see how you like it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Add fresh or dried leaves to soups, stews,
and hearty sauces. Make a refreshing, soothing cup of tea by pouring 250 mL (1
cup) of boiling water over<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">15 mL (3 teaspoons) of fresh leaves or 5 mL (1
teaspoon) of dried leaves. Alternatively, add dried catnip leaves, along with
dried mint or dried lemon balm, to your favorite black tea.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CRAFT USES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Sew cat toys and stuff them with uncrushed
dry leaves for all your favorite felines.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">MEDICINAL USES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• In traditional folk medicine, catnip was
used to treat everything from cancer, insanity, nervousness, nightmares,
scurvy, and tuberculosis, to colic, diarrhea, flatulence, hiccups, whooping
cough, the common cold, measles, asthma, yellow fever, scarlet fever, smallpox,
and jaundice. Catnip poultices were applied to hives, and to the sore breasts
of nursing mothers.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip does have sedative qualities and is
occasionally used in herbal medicine as a calmative and to treat insomnia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip is not used in modern Western
medicine.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CAUTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Catnip has some capacity to cause uterine
contractions and stimulate menstruation, so you should avoid it if you are
pregnant or suffering from menstrual disorders.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• While a cup of catnip tea is helpful if you
don’t sleep well at night, the herb’s diuretic properties mean that your
peaceful sleep may be disturbed by an urgent need to go to the bathroom.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• It has been said that catnip may be smoked
like marijuana; however, there is no proof that this herb has the intoxicating
effects of marijuana. Nevertheless, your suspicions may be justified if young
people of your acquaintance seem unusually interested in your catnip plants.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Bees like catnip, so make sure there are
none in the flowers that you pick.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">CULTIVARS AND RELATIVES<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #231f20;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here’s a cultivar you won’t have to fight over
with your cats quite so much.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #231f20;">• Lemon catnip (<i>N. cataria </i>var. <i>citriodora</i>).
Has an appealingly mild lemon aroma, which you may prefer over regular catnip Makes
a delicious tea. When candied with egg white and sugar, the leaves make a
refreshing after-dinner mint. </span><span style="color: #231f20;">In the belief that catnip roots made even the kindest person
mean, early American hangmen used to eat the roots before executions to harden
themselves for their work. While most cats are affected by catnip, not all
felines are “nipaholics.” Apparently, a dominant gene is responsible for
inheriting the euphoric response. It also appears that cats do not react in
their customary delighted way to catnip until they are 3 months old.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq38Rmde5c5QueADVNCBWSmU4NOFklC7EIy7Tx6yH26ZHnB677dlikZDMXNe0lnheidjPwxbdyXianOCvZ7nZt2d-1ebO45YpRmsdMcVMT0YNWXmFAxUX3vwU2P1iHdnX7CU6gDinHdo5angSj0FEXFEmke7LhPqWmSlJfiu4W2H11tmYCbVNSD5Hj/s1092/c-220-catnip.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="603" data-original-width="1092" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq38Rmde5c5QueADVNCBWSmU4NOFklC7EIy7Tx6yH26ZHnB677dlikZDMXNe0lnheidjPwxbdyXianOCvZ7nZt2d-1ebO45YpRmsdMcVMT0YNWXmFAxUX3vwU2P1iHdnX7CU6gDinHdo5angSj0FEXFEmke7LhPqWmSlJfiu4W2H11tmYCbVNSD5Hj/w640-h354/c-220-catnip.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "Century Gothic","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-69067696608632621312022-05-05T03:57:00.007-07:002022-05-05T03:57:54.010-07:00Horned Turtle <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Scientific name: Meiolania sp.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Scientific classification:</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Phylum: Chordata</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Class: Sauropsida</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Order: Testudines</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Family: Meiolaniidae</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">When did it become extinct? The last of these turtles are thought to have become extinct </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">about 2,000 years ago.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Where did it live? The bones of these extinct turtles have been found on Lord Howe </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Island, 600 km from mainland Australia and the islands of New Caledonia.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Horned Turtle with their spiked heads and tails,
the horned turtles are among the largest and most bizarre turtles ever to have
lived. There would be very few people who would fail to recognize a turtle;
such is the familiarity of these unusual reptiles. Although the fossil record
is full of peculiar beasts, it has been said that the turtles are among the
oldest vertebrates to have ever lived.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Although their skeleton has the same
bones like any other vertebrate, they are put together in a very different way.
Their body is protected by a bony shell, which is, essentially, a hugely modified
rib cage. The strength of this external carapace depends on the species, but it
ranges from the leathery dome of the soft-shelled turtles to the almost
impregnable shell of the giant tortoises. Also unique is the position of the
hip and shoulder girdles, as they are found inside the rib cage. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">These animals
are most familiar with being able to withdraw their heads and legs into the safe
confines of their shells. The way they withdraw their head allows scientists to
identify two groups of turtles: the cryptodires and the pleurodires. The latter
is often called side-necked turtles because they bend their long necks into an
S shape to keep their heads out of harm’s way. The turtles that people often
keep as pets fall in the first group, the cryptodires, and these can pull their
heads right into their shells by bending their necks below the spine. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">There’s
no doubt that some turtles, especially the land-dwelling species, are
very slow, lumbering creatures, characteristics that are often linked to
evolutionary failure and poor adaptability. However, nothing could be farther
from the truth for the turtles. These shelled reptiles are a successful group
of animals that have been around since the Triassic—at least 215 million years
(and probably considerably longer)—which makes them much older than the lizards
and snakes. Not only are they ancient, but they are among the very few living
reptiles that have become almost completely amphibious, only leaving the water
to lay eggs (some species of snake also only leave the water to lay eggs). </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Today, there are around 300 turtle species, ranging from tiny, 8-cm tortoises
all the way up to the oceangoing giant, the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys
coriacea), which can be 3 m long and weigh 900 kg. Even though some truly
bizarre turtles are still with us today, they pale in insignificance compared
to an immense, land-living turtle that only became extinct in the last couple of thousand years. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This was the horned turtle, and in life it must have been an
astonishing animal. The horned turtle was around 2.5 m long, and it must have
weighed in the region of 500 to 700 kg. By comparison, the largest living
land-dwelling turtle is the Galápagos tortoise (Geochelonenigra) at about 300
kg and 1.2 m long. Imagine a horned turtle alongside a Galápagos tortoise and
you get an idea of the size of this extinct beast. Not only was the horned
turtle big, but it also had a very bizarre appearance. Sprouting from its skull
were large horns and spikes, the longest of which grew from toward the back of
the head and could reach a span of 60 cm. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This formidable forward armory was
combined with the typical tortoise carapace and a heavily protected tail that
also sported spines. The horns of this extinct turtle made it impossible for
the head to be pulled into the shell during times of danger. It is possible
that these horns were used by the turtle to defend itself, but we don’t know
what predators lurked on the islands where these extinct reptiles lived. Male
giant turtles can be quite aggressive to one another during the breeding
season, and maybe the extinct giant used its horns and tail spikes to fight
other males for the right to mate. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As with other island animals, the horned
turtles may have grown to great size because there was very little in the way
of threats in their isolated home terrain. Alternatively, great size is a
simple yet effective defense against many predators. The truth is that we’ll never
know the evolutionary force behind the incredible size and appearance of these
turtles. What we can be surer of is their diet. Large land-dwelling turtles are
slow, heavy animals, so fast-moving animal prey is out of the question. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">We know
that the Galápagos tortoise and other terrestrial giant turtles are herbivores
that eat a wide range of plant matter. The horned turtle was obviously unsuited
to climbing trees or rearing up on its back legs to reach lofty vegetation, so
it must have been dependent on the unique, low-growing plants that grow on New
Caledonia and the surrounding islands. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">All living turtles lay eggs, and we can
assume that the horned turtle was no different, but how it laid them and where
will never be known for certain. Perhaps it excavated a pit before laying its
eggs and forgetting about them. It is amazing to think that these giant,
bizarre turtles roamed some of the isolated islands of the western Pacific into
very recent geological times, but exactly why they died out is another mystery. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">We do know that island animals have suffered badly at the hands of humans, and
we can be almost certain that the first thing to spring to the mind of the first
human who saw these shelled giants was, “Can I eat it?” A slow-moving turtle, regardless
of its size, is no match for humans and their various weapons. Lord Howe Island
and New Caledonia are small areas of land, and they could never have supported
large populations of such big animals; therefore it is very likely that when
humans did discover the horned turtle, they wiped them out in a matter of
centuries, or possibly even decades. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Apart from the way that living turtles
bend their necks to hide their heads, we can divide them another way into three
groups: there are marine forms, with legs modified into flippers, for example,
the leatherback turtle; terrestrial forms, with thick, pillar-like legs, for
example, the Galápagos tortoises; and semi-aquatic forms, for example,
terrapins and snapping turtles. • </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Many of the living species of turtle may soon
follow the horned giant to extinction as they are incredibly endangered. Some
of the very rare species only survive in small populations on isolated islands,
while the oceangoing species are at risk from fishing hooks, drift nets, and
direct hunting. Without complete and active protection, it is very likely that
some of the most amazing turtles could be extinct within 30 years. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• As turtles
lead such slow lives, they are among the most long-lived of all the
vertebrates. The Galápagos tortoise can live to be at least 150 years old. One
famous, long-lived radiated tortoise (Geochelone radiate) was presented to the
Tongan royal family in 1777 by none other than Captain Cook. Known as Tu’iMalila,
this tortoise died in 1965, at age 188. The longevity of an immense turtle like
the horned giant can only be guessed. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">• Further back in the fossil record, in
the age of the dinosaurs, there were other extinct turtles that were truly
enormous. One of these, Archelon, is only known from 70-million year- old
fossils. It was about 4 m long, and the span of its flippers was around 4.5 m.
fully grown, Archelon probably weighed in the region of 2 to 3 tonnes. Its
large head and powerful bite appear to be suited to eating shelled mollusks
such as the extinct ammonites.</span></span></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-21410230298301067072022-04-23T06:22:00.000-07:002022-04-23T06:22:00.464-07:00Powers of attorney<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Around the late-60s, many perfectly fit men and women wondered whether it might be sensible to give power of attorney to someone they trust. This involves authorizing another person to take business and other financial decisions on their behalf, on the basis that any such decisions would reflect the action that they themselves would have taken. Until a few years ago, the power could only be used where the individual was unwilling rather than incapable of acting for him/herself. So in effect, just at the time when the power was most needed, it ceased to exist. Thanks to a law known as the Enduring Powers of Attorney Act 1985, and the more recent Lasting Powers of Attorney an enduring power is not automatically revoked by any subsequent mental incapacity, but can now continue, regardless of any decline, throughout the individual’s life. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(NB: An ordinary power of attorney would be revoked by subsequent mental incapacity.) To protect the donor and the nominated attorney, the Act clearly lays down certain principles that must be observed, with both sides signing a declaration that they understand the various rights and duties involved. The Act furthermore calls for the power to be formally registered with the Public Trust Office in the event of the donor being, or becoming, mentally incapable. As stated above, the Enduring Powers of Attorney have been replaced by Lasting Powers of Attorney (LPA), to coincide with the implementation of the Mental Capacity Act 2005. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In effect, LPAs enable individuals to give their attorney power to make decisions about their personal welfare, including health care, when they lack the capacity to make such decisions themselves. Enduring Powers of Attorney, set up before October 2007, are still effective. However, if you have not yet set one up but are planning to do so, you will now need to apply for the new LPA instead. As any lawyer would explain, the right time to give power of attorney is when the individual is in full command of his/her faculties, so that potential situations that would require decisions can be properly discussed and the donor’s wishes made clear. For the Lasting Power of Attorney to be valid, the donor must in any event be capable of understanding what he/she is agreeing to at the time of making the power.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTpfO425vvPjGkj3TOl363NCiXdWuVTx05MwRiXGNkDA2nAjFyT_rlGRP9vgLaRN90VDJnua0IuZz07T-wNE3FkATlKsNY0YH9qzkFj833CmbuwHYwdwKLod64onnPbINtd7kYSlfO9PPxEy3VG4HcLmOZwmAg8SFm8YBp8afXFe--q8sieTISX0Aj/s900/bigstock-224071843.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTpfO425vvPjGkj3TOl363NCiXdWuVTx05MwRiXGNkDA2nAjFyT_rlGRP9vgLaRN90VDJnua0IuZz07T-wNE3FkATlKsNY0YH9qzkFj833CmbuwHYwdwKLod64onnPbINtd7kYSlfO9PPxEy3VG4HcLmOZwmAg8SFm8YBp8afXFe--q8sieTISX0Aj/w640-h426/bigstock-224071843.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1587488690797911298.post-25139858078105927542022-03-20T21:26:00.007-07:002022-03-20T21:26:56.062-07:00brown-backed shrike<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Contemporaneous eggs of different color types of
brown-backed shrike can be smooth in the interference experiment The fertile
eggs are hatched, but the out-of-phase eggs are rejected, and the basis for the
judgment of the parent birds may be Egg color. There are two possible reasons
for this phenomenon: one is two-color types Brown-backed shrike can distinguish
out-of-phase eggs, but due to differences in the timing of ovulation Largely
causes hatching and energy investment contradictions in the allocation of
feeding time The second is that the two-color brown-backed shrike uses the
out-of-phase eggs as parasites Egg rejection. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Moskat & Fuisz (1999) put
fake cuckoo eggs (blue Eggs with better color and imitation) are placed in red
eggs during laying and early hatching. Among the back shrike nests, the coping
strategies shown by the red-backed shrike include driving Eggs from abroad
(71.2%), abandonment of original nests (19.2%), acceptance of foreign eggs Come
eggs (9.6%), and the rejection rate of blue eggs is higher than that of eggs
with better imitation; In the laying period, the eggs with better imitation are
mainly abandoned, and in the incubation period.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The foreign eggs are expelled.
The results of this experiment showed a phenomenon of abandoning the nest, and the performance of heterochromatic and homochromatic types is more consistent.
brown-backed shrike pair nest Insensitivity to the number of mid-eggs,
increased contemporaneous homochromatic eggs, or intentional or unintentional
Reducing the number of eggs will not affect their nesting. But at the same time, the brown-backed shrike nest will be abandoned in the case of strong
human disturbance. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">According to local villagers, the Brown-backed shrike is
seen navigating the transfer of chicks in old nests during brooding to the new
nest. Judging from the current situation, the white spots or white edges on
both sides of the wings of birds are not It is easy to be found by natural
enemies or predators, and it is easier to appear white above and below It was
discovered by natural enemies, so white spots and white borders on the side of
the body may play a role in the individual The effect of recognition,
especially the recognition of the parent by the offspring during the feeding
period. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Book The experimental foster child chicks were nurtured normally in the
foster parent's nest, and after development Follow the activities of the
righteous parent and learn their behavior, its later spread and the
relationship with the righteous parent The relationship needs to be further
studied in the future. The sexual selection hypothesis suggests that plumage
polymorphism may be due to female Preference for salient morphologies and
predation pressure favoring concealed morphologies produced and maintained. In
this case, the plume polymorphism reflects the relative dominance of the
individual, which is correlated with the expression of bodily signals
Consistent, that is, the degree of pigmentation represents different status,
such as health and nutritional status. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">However, prominent patterns favorable to
sexual selection may be due to high predation risk or used to produce and
maintain significantly high color energy expenditure and balance with
non-salient forms (Endle, 1980). A total of 21 brown type, 9 black type, and
heterozygous type were found in the plot. 10, including 10 heterozygous nests,
6 black-type females, many The species-colored brown-backed shrike breeds
synchronously, and there is no preference for the same species of shrike The
opposite sex is paired. In summary, we included in 2006-2008 The 44 nesting
birds found in the plot were brown and black broodstock. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In the breeding nest,
the ratio of black-type females to brown-type females was 20:24. From the
perspective of the sexual selection ratio, the ratio is similar, and there is no
large ratio. That is, females show no preference for males of different color
types. from reproduction From a physical point of view, we have not been able
to determine the brown-backed shrike feather machine control, maybe plumage
polymorphism is not related to selection, it may be simply a neutral
relationship to a physiological or ecological characteristic or non-adaptive
traits (Galeotti, 2003) Both color types are absent in both reproduction and
brooding during the reproductive process Isolation occurs. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The generally
accepted concept of species holds that a species is Nature is able to mate,
produce fertile offspring, and exist with its population reproductively
isolated groups. Integrated reproductive isolation and morphological traits,
behavior Evidence of differentiation, we support that black shrike is just one
of the brown-backed shrikes Chromotype, rather than an independent species
point of view. About Black Type Source and Feather Color Genetic laws and other
issues still need to be investigated in the future for more different types of
brown. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The accumulation of research on Shrike individuals, from morphological,
ecological, genetic Comprehensive research in multiple disciplines such as
science and geography. Acknowledgments: Jiang Yanqiong assisted in the
completion of the control experiment of easy eggs and easy chicks work, the
Guangdong Haifeng Bird Nature Reserve provided the Thank you for your help!</span></p>CPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09973285351396642663noreply@blogger.com0