Grandidier’s
baobab is the biggest and most re-known of Madagascar’s species of Baobabs. It
is also known as “Adansonia Grandidieri”, actually an imposing and unusual tree
endemic to island of Madagascar. It is an endangered species mainly threatened
by the encroachment of agricultural land. When you see this unusual tree,
you’ll came to know that Grandidier’s baobabs has massive cylindrical trunks
almost three meters across, well covered with smooth reddish grey bark.
The tree
can reach 80 to 100 ft in height and at certain times of the year the
flat-topped crowns bear bluish-green palmate leaves, dark brown floral buds or
adorable flowers with white petals. The baobab contains larger dry fruits type
kidney shaped seeds within an edible pulp. The fruit is either collected from
the ground, or wooden pegs are hammered into the trunk so the tree can be
climbed to collect the fruit.
A French
botanist & explorer Alfred Grandidier named “A.grandidieri” in the early 20th
century. The tree can found in south-western Madagascar and it is used to
inhabit dry, deciduous forest particularly close to seasonal rivers or lakes.
These days, grandidier’s baobab is mainly found in open and agricultural land.
The tree leaf starts from October to May and flowers blossoms from May to
August. The fruits ripe in November and December and it appears that the seeds
of the tasty fruit are not dispersed by animals. The smell of flowers just like
sour watermelon, open just before or soon after dusk, and all the pollen is
released during the first night.
The
beautiful tree is pollinated by nocturnal mammals, like as fork-marked lemurs
and insects such as Hawk Moth. Moreover the lemurs move through the canopies,
put in their snouts into the white flowers and licking nectar from the petal
bases, which in resulting pollen being deposited in the lemurs' faces, while
the moth is slightly more effective at pollination since it is able to fly from
tree to tree with most of its body covered in pollen.
Moreover
Madagascar has water problem and lack of water can sometimes be a problem for
plantation work. Hence baobab overcomes this by storing water within the
fibrous wood of the trunk, as the tree's diameter fluctuates with rainfall.
However; grandidier’s baobab is in endangered list of IUCN Red list of 2006.
The useful tree is heavily exploited as seeds and the vitamin C rich fruit pulp
are eaten fresh, and cooking oil is extracted from the oil-rich seeds. The
baobab thick bark is well composed of hard long fibers that can be used to make
ropes.
Moreover
the spongy wood comprises of sheets of fiber that’re collected from dead or
living trees, dried in the sun and sold for thatch. Most of these varied uses
do not involve the tree being killed, and therefore are likely to pose a great
threat to the baobab. The biggest threat to this species has come from the
transformation of its forest habitat into agricultural land. Within these
disturbed habitats, there’s an obvious lack of young trees. Fires, seed
predation, competition from weeds, and an altered physical environment might be
disturbing the capacity of the Madagacar baobab to reproduce, which may have
demoralizing consequences for its survival.